Category: Announcements

[category science-report]

Mars Desert Research Station
End Mission Research Report
Crew 326 – Gaia
Dec 28th, 2025 – Jan 10th, 2026

Crew Members:
Commander Keegan Chavez
Crew Scientist: Benjamin Huber
Crew Engineer: Idris Stevenson
Health and Safety Officer: Katharina Guth
Green Hab Officer: Vindhya Ganti
Crew Journalist: Daria Bardus
Crew Biologist: Armand Destin

Mission Plan:
Crew 326 performed various research tasks, including engineering projects on RF communications, autonomous rover sample collection and navigation, in-situ resource utilization, environmental sensing. All 6 projects required Extra Vehicular Activities (EVA), thus adding realistic difficulties to the task. All projects had adequate time to perform research tasks, including gathering data, analyzing data, updating procedures, and drawing preliminary conclusions. The details of those reports will follow.

Relevant sections include research objectives and hypotheses, methods and experimental setup, data collected and observations, preliminary results and analysis, limitations of the analog environment, and recommendations for future MDRS crews.

1.
Title: Autonomous Mars Rover for Geological Sample Collection
Author(s): Vindhya Ganti

Objectives: Train an image-based navigation system on local landmarks to allow a rover to navigate autonomously.

Methods and Experimental Setup: To make the rover autonomous, first the rover needs to be able to identify different locations and have some sort of mapping system to identify where it is relative to other locations. To accomplish this task, a teachable machine learning image algorithm was fed roughly 20–35 images of three different locations (Hab, White Rock Canyon, and Kissing Camel) from various angles. Furthermore, some unlabeled images, or images that didn’t fit any of those three categories, were mixed into the dataset. Then, for preprocessing, the images were rotated +/- 15 degrees, converted to black and white, and morphed with the noise filter. Ultimately, this step was to build tolerance so that in conditions like low lighting and dust, the dataset could still identify the region correctly. 150+ images were created from the original 20–35. Then, annotations were assigned per image, identifying the different types into classes (Kissing Camel, White Rock Canyon, Hab, Unlabeled). In each class, images were assigned into three different types: train, valid, and test. Images in the train section would be used to teach the model, images in the valid section would be used to give feedback to the model for reiteration, and images in the test section would be completely new to the model, thus used to evaluate how accurate the model is.

The train_model.py file imports YOLO into the model, determining the number of epochs (iterations) the model goes through to train. The run_webcam.py file harnesses either the device’s webcam or an externally attached webcam. Once pointed at the location, the program will visibly box the rock structure, printing the label. After the user clicks “c”, the program closes the webcam, printing out the distance from the HAB.

Preliminary Results and Analysis: the model differentiates between the Kissing Camel region (both east and west ridges) and the HAB with 92.76% accuracy, calculated from the test type. Additionally, the model is differentiates between random photos of other regions and both of the locations. Further implementation of the code with White Rock Canyon is expected to occur after sim, since data collection occurred during Sol 12.

Recommendations: It would be ideal to connect imaging logic with the hardware of the rover. This means using the correct label and distance from the HAB, and then having the rover have a camera setup to autonomously move in the direction of the HAB.

Figure 1: Test Image vs Trained Image with Preprocessed Variations

2.
Title: Dust Storm Detection
Author(s): Idris Stevenson

Research Objectives: This study will investigate the discrepancies between different environmental metrics in various locations around a research base for the purpose of increasing the body of data with which researchers plan and execute research expeditions.

Methods and Experimental Setup: This study used a suite of sensors measuring temperature (C), pressure (Pa), humidity (%), and light (lux) alongside a Raspberry Pi to remotely log environmental metrics in a variety of locations. Sensors were placed around the Mars Desert Research Station in the locations enumerated in the table below to gather a variety of data points.

Preliminary Results:

Table 1: Sensor Location and Time in Environment

The data collected from the humidity and pressure sensors returned as expected. However, in some cases the measured light level was 0 during several daytime readings and the temperatures exceeded 30C at times.

Recommendations: Further data analysis planned to determine the measured differences between simultaneous readings on sensors at different locations and to evaluate the resulting usefulness of distributed environmental sensing.

The data returned and the manner of data retrieval opens additional considerations for future investigation. All data was stored locally and required manual download after collection, but the data collected is more useful if available in real time or remotely. In future investigation, the integration of LoRaWAN (Long-Range Wireless Area Network) into the system would enable remote accessing and data collection.

The sensors themselves also call for revision in design. Wind speed is a consideration for EVA planning at MDRS; because wind speed is not measured in the existing design, a mechanism for measuring wind speed is desired. Additionally, placing redundant sensors in the same enclosure could provide more accurate results than a single point for each location. Some mechanisms on the existing sensor suite could also be removed, as the current system measures gyroscopic, acceleration, and proximity data that is not desired. However, in the future, the acceleration data could be used to validate sensor stability, as one of the four sensor systems was discovered to be inverted upon collection.

The enclosure for the sensors is another system in need of development. The data collected indicates that the temperature in the enclosures exceeded 30C at times, far above the highest recorded temperatures at the location of interest, despite the enclosure opening the system to the surroundings. This means that the existing “deli-container” containment system may have provided a greenhouse effect that impacted the data.

The scope of this project would also be beneficial if it were scaled up in time and in size. Increasing the number of sensors and the time for which sensor data for each system overlaps with those in other locations would provide more valuable insight concerning the variability in environmental factors throughout testing.

3.
Title: Utilization of In-Situ Materials for Construction
Author(s): Benjamin Huber

Objectives: Gather materials from the surface of Mars to make bricks for construction and testing the strength of those bricks

Methods and Experimental Setup: To complete the objective, small starch based concrete samples out of regolith from the MDRS region. In total, 4 brick samples were created for each geologic location, allocating two bricks for each brick type. One brick compound uses potato starch as a binder and the other compound uses potato starch and Jerusalem Artichoke inulin mixture (6 g of starch, 2g of inulin). These bricks were then strength tested using a rebound hammer. The general method of creating the bricks involves homogenizing the geologic samples and mixing them with the respective compounds. Then activate the starch in the lab oven. There is then a cooling and drying process before the samples are homogenized again and more water is added. Finaly the bricks are compressed. Then the bricks are dehydrated before testing with a rebound hammer.

Description, activities, and results: The first location that was chosen was along Hab Ridge Road (figure 1). This clay was chosen due to its dark red coloration indicating the presence of hematite. With this sample in the inulin and starch mix there were small starch granules that clumped together and hardened. After the dehydration and drying process, the bricks were significantly cracked and still moist in the center, which resulted in the bricks being able to only withstand three tests until failure. The next sample was red clay taken from near the peak of Phobos Peak (figure 1). During homogenization the clay did not mix well with the water and became sticky. After the bricks were formed and dehydrated, the outside had small cracking and salt had settled on the surface of the bricks. The Phobos Peak bricks stuck to the surface of the mold, which resulted in weakening prior to the final dehydration step. After multiple tests, the bricks were more cracked and significantly weakened and ultimately failed after 3 strength tests. The final samples, collected from Candor Chasma (figure 1), consisted of a sandy streambed material from halfway into the chasm. This sample had no cracking, but the rebound hammer made large indentations at the test site.

Table 2: Bricks Strengths and Water Used

Figure 2: Locations of Geologic Sample Collection

There were some difficulties with this research while at MDRS. Both dehydration steps had to be increased in duration. The first heating step changed from one hour to one hour and thirty minutes, and the final dehydration period had to be extended to leave the bricks out overnight at room temperature after the 4 hours of time to dry. The final dehydration period had to be done on a different day due to the power limitations of solar power; this could have weakened the bricks further (not dry enough). The sand brick is seen to be the preferable choice as it has the highest strength values for both compounds as well as no cracking when drying (this made it so the bricks did not fail after the third strength test). In the future I plan to make a 60% sand and 40% clay brick.

4.
Title: Terrain-Dependent RF Signal Propagation Mapping
Author(s): Katharina Guth

Research Objectives: The purpose of this research was to analyze radio frequency (RF) signal propagation in relation to terrain and radio frequency during EVAs at the MDRS site. Understanding RF propagation is critical for maintaining reliable communication, ensuring crew safety, and optimizing repeater placement for long-range communication. This study aimed to identify areas of signal attenuation, evaluate line-of-sight and elevation effects, and create terrain-dependent propagation maps for operational planning.

Methods and Experimental Setup: Five EVAs were conducted which provided RF data. During each EVA, the SS11 RF Field Strength Meter, equipped with an SMA male telescopic antenna, was used to measure relative RF field intensity. Antenna length was adjusted based on the quarter-wave calculation for the transmitted frequencies. GPS coordinates, including longitude, latitude, and elevation, were recorded simultaneously using a Garmin GPSMap64.

The HAB crew transmitted RF signals for one-minute durations on two channels: 152.375 MHz (Channel 1, long-range with the repeater) and ~162.995 MHz (Channel 3, local HAB base communication). Video recordings of the RF meter were captured during EVAs to allow post-mission extraction of signal strength data. Time stamps allowed alignment of GPS positions with RF readings, enabling spatial correlation between terrain features and signal behavior.

Data Collected and Observations: The dataset included the following: longitude, latitude, elevation, time, date, and signal strength. Data were collected across latitude 38.4051–38.4075 N and longitude 110.7935–110.7907 W and mapped across five regions: (1) MDRS Base, (2) Phobos Peak, (3) Candor Chasma, (4) Kissing Camel Ridge, and (5) White Rock Canyon.

Measurements at the MDRS Base used Channel 3, while other locations used Channel 1 for long-range communication. Strong signals were consistently observed near the HAB, in line-of-sight locations, and at elevated surfaces. A notable signal spike occurred at the base of Phobos Peak. Areas exhibiting signal attenuation included Candor Chasma, south of Kissing Camel Ridge, and within White Rock Canyon, although limited signal was readable.

Instances were observed where the EVA crew could hear the HAB base, but the base could not receive the EVA crew’s transmissions, likely due to the repeater placement favoring signals toward the base.

Preliminary Results and Analysis: Preliminary mapping indicates a clear correlation between proximity and elevation and signal strength, with terrain obstructions significantly reducing propagation. Line-of-sight dominance was evident, and signal degradation patterns were region-dependent. These initial findings suggest that careful consideration of topography is essential when planning repeater placement and EVA routes. The image below depicts the signal strength close to the HAB demonstrating how proximity indicates strong communication.

Figure 3: RF Signal Strength at MDRS Base

Limitations: The RF Field Strength Meter measured only relative intensity, requiring baseline readings for comparison. The meter also occasionally displayed irregular readings when gain was maximized, which was accounted for during post-processing. Additionally, initial attempts to use an RF Signal Generator were abandoned due to safety concerns. Sampling frequency and manual data extraction from video recordings also introduced further limitations in temporal resolution.

Recommendations: The terrain-dependent RF propagation maps generated in this study offer a valuable reference for EVA planning and informed repeater placement. Future research would benefit from using a calibrated RF meter capable of measuring absolute field strength, implementing automated data logging to improve temporal resolution, and expanding sampling in terrain-obstructed areas to more accurately quantify signal attenuation. Incorporating these findings into EVA planning will allow crews to anticipate potential communication drops, adjust travel routes or timing accordingly, and ensure the safety of analog astronauts during field operations.

5.
Title: Crew-Centric Interface for Performance Optimization at MDRS
Author(s): Armand Destin

Research Objectives: Isolated, confined, and extreme environments (ICE) provide the groundwork to evaluate human interpersonal and human-machine interactions. These conditions come with the challenge of combating how to face challenges and choosing the best option that prioritizes the safety of crew members. As the space exploration community aspires to venture to Mars, resilience training, a conglomeration of data, and awareness of strenuous environments can be a critical starting point for these pursuits. This project developed a decision-making interface that assesses risk to inform analog astronaut crews of how to handle potential challenging and emergency situations. This project investigates the operations and responses of the environmental conditions and analog astronauts.

Methods and Experimental Setup: During the mission, several libraries of environmental observations were collected to inform the system of the expectations and assumptions that can be made to make scenarios that reflect the possibilities of occurrences on Mars. These libraries included weather, visibility, temperature, terrain, landforms, and distance. On extravehicular activities (EVAs), these observations and variations in the scenario were recorded in addition to the main mission objectives of that EVA. After completion and return of the EVA, the observations made on EVA were simulated in a minor iteration of the decision-making interface using MATLAB to provide a preliminary analysis of the conditions and the best option of choice for the crew, including either (1) proceed with the EVA, (2) return later, or (3) cancel the EVA. The library of observations creates several distinct scenarios to work with, including conditions like extreme fog, potholes in terrain, shorter EVA durations, wet terrain, and several geologic features (canyons, riverbeds, steep descents). The system’s behavior worked effectively, providing recommended action and associated score as well as rationale. The system includes multipliers that represent the realism of maximizing safety and minimizing risk. The collected observations offer robustness for uncertainty for situations that can arise in a Martian environment.

After the mission, further research will include incorporating human judgment data to compare with the system’s outputs. The crew members, now all with analog experience and exposure to ICE conditions, would be provided with a scenario and would provide a rating of whether to proceed, return, or cancel the EVA. Additionally, each crew member would provide their rationale as to why they gave that rating an option. Hypothetical scenarios will be based on the recorded environmental observations made from the mission.

Data Collected and Observations: Overall, the decision-support system was evaluated using manually defined environmental EVA scenarios. The resulting recommendations and utility values were logged and analyzed. No data was collected from or about individual crew members, and no system outputs were used to guide real EVA decisions. Future work for this project can include human input and comparison. It is recommended that the official system balance the effect of the risk multipliers to reflect the Martian environment, but not underscore danger or the effects of time. Additionally, the objectives originally proposed can be expanded to demonstrate the vastness of work and research that can be conducted during EVAs. The mission and the research project demonstrated the importance of resilience training and unity of effort amongst crews, and individually to be safe and support the mission.

Figure 4: Example Use Case of System Output

6.
Title: Autonomous Mars Rover for Geological Sample Collection
Author(s): Daria Bardus

Research Objectives: The preliminary testing involved creating a rover that could be maneuvered with a joystick controller to collect a sample for later measurement and observation using a basic static scoop mechanism.

Methods and Experimental Setup: In total, three soil samples were collected from different areas around the Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS), including Kissing Camel Ridge, White Rock Canyon, and the area immediately outside the HAB.

At each location the first step was to look for flat areas and try to find places with different types of soil to test the rover’s ability to collect varied samples. Then the rover was taken to the first location and set down.

A two-foot collection zone was measured and marked in front of the rover. The driver station was then used to start the program, and the joystick controller was used to first lower the scoop on the linear actuator and then drive the rover forward. When the rover got stuck the rover would then be directed to move backwards then forwards again and the scoop’s position was adjusted. When the rover had traveled approximately two feet, the scoop was raised and the sample was then placed into a bag for later measurement and observation.

Data Collected and Observations: Samples enumerated in the table below were used to quantify the performance of the rover.

Table 3: Sample Observations and Amounts (g)

Preliminary Results and Analysis: On average the rover was able to collect a sample of 47.78 g, which is considered a success because that fills approximately 42.56% of the scoop. During testing hard compact soils were difficult to collect due to the scoop not being able to break through the surface without getting stuck. Conversely, the wheels would dig into the soil if it was too soft. This could be fixed by adjusting the power of the motors in the drive train to help avoid the rover digging into the soil.

Limitations During this research it was found that the rover required four-wheel drive to easily collect a sample. Initially, front-wheel drive was used, but the rover would often get stuck when the soil was soft. It was also found that it was hard to fix connection issues while out on EVA. This is because EVA gloves made it hard to look at the setting on the phones used for the driver station and robot controller when there were connection issues. Lastly, it was found that testing on an inclined surface was complicated with the current setup of the rover. This was because simultaneous movement of the drivetrain and linear actuator was hard to achieve in a manual setup.

Recommendations: The next steps would include creating a new collection system and making the rover autonomous. In the current iteration of the rover, the scoop is made of 3D printed PLA+, but changing the material to something stronger would help with collection and would also help the rover overcome obstacles like rocks and not get stuck as often. Also, increasing the size of the scoop would allow the rover to collect more soil. Overall, this rover was able to demonstrate the possibility of making a small autonomous rover that can traverse Mars terrain and collect geological samples. A collection system that is not static and could store the sample in the rover would improve the feasibility of this project. Ideally a conveyor belt system would be used. Also, creating a navigation software would greatly improve the autonomy of the rover.

Figure 5: Rocky-River the rover

[category  astronomy-report]

Crew 303 Astronomy Report 22-11-2025
Name of person filing report: VIkram Kothari
SOL: 0

Non-nominal systems: N/A

Notes on non-nominal systems: N/A

Summary of Astronomy Operations:
Arrival time was after dark, so I was not able to get into the Musk Observatory to complete the baseline audit. Planning to complete the audit tomorrow.
Powered up the Astronomy Laptop. An update was automatically applied. Everything is nominal. Laptop is currently charging.
Peter will be setting up my account for ROCS-16

[category  astronomy-report]

Report title: Astronomy Report
Crew #: 303
Position: Astronomer
Reported prepared by: Vikram Kothari
Date: 22-11-2025
SOL: 0

Non-nominal systems: N/A

Notes on non-nominal systems: N/A

Summary of Astronomy Operations:
Arrival time was after dark, so I was not able to get into the Musk Observatory to complete the baseline audit. Planning to complete the audit tomorrow.
Powered up the Astronomy Laptop. An update was automatically applied. Everything is nominal. Laptop is currently charging.
Peter will be setting up my account for ROCS-16

[category 

astronomy-report]

Report title: Astronomy Report
Crew #: 325
Position: Commander
Report prepared by: Cesare Guariniello
Date: 20Dec2025
Sol: 5

MDRS ROBOTIC OBSERVATORY
Robotic Telescope Requested: MDRS-WF
Objects to be Imaged this Evening: Rosette Nebula and IC1396
Images submitted with this report: Horsehead Nebula and Flaming Nebula
Problems Encountered: None
MUSK OBSERVATORY
Solar Features Observed: None
Images submitted with this report:
Problems Encountered: Sky was cloudy all day

[category science-report]

Mid-Mission Research Report

Crew 325 – Aether
Dec 15th, 2025 – Dec 27th, 2025

Crew Members:
Commander and Crew Astronomer: Dr. Cesare Guariniello
Crew Scientist: Ellenah del Rio
Crew Engineer: Morgan McCoy
Health and Safety Officer: Isabella Levine
Green Hab Officer: Adrianna Waterford
Crew Journalist: Saranya Ravva

Crew Projects:

1. Title: Photovoltaic Dust Removal Techniques for Sustained Martian Power Generation
Author(s): Ellenah Del Rio
Current status: Over the past week, I iterated the solar-panel dust/tilt experiment from a more complex multi-sensor concept into a field-ready, low-power Arduino + RTC data logger that reliably records panel output offline at set intervals.I successfully collected logged datasets at Kissing Camel Ridge across multiple elevations (1382 m “high”, 1344 m “low”, and ~1333 m), with consistent 25° vs 45° panel comparisons captured in the ADC readings. Preliminary results suggest a strong elevation-linked performance shift and an angle sensitivity that warrants broader testing (initial runs indicate larger drops at lower elevations and that “flatter” tilt angles may outperform steeper ones depending on sun geometry). Field operations revealed key reliability constraints: the circuit needs a more permanent, secured mount (one panel detached/broke and a wire partially disconnected), and transport/packaging must be improved for steep terrain and repeat deployments.

Future work: Next steps are to run an all-day logging campaign to capture changing solar incidence angles, redesign the housing for durability and safe carry, and expand the test matrix to at least five tilt angles to identify the best-performing strategy over time.

2.Title: Microbial Burden and Contamination Risk on High-Contact Surfaces in the MDRS Habitat
Author(s): Isabella Levine
Current status: I am also collecting salivary samples each night to measure pH as an indicator of crew physiological stress. In parallel, I give a brief behavioral survey daily to all crew members to assess behavioral trends throughout the mission. Environmental conditions within the habitat are being monitored using three carbon dioxide sensors placed in different locations, which are continuously collecting CO₂ data to characterize air quality and fluctuations over time.
Future work: Salivary pH data and daily behavioral survey responses will be compiled and analyzed to identify potential trends over time and associations with environmental conditions. Carbon dioxide sensor data will be reviewed to evaluate spatial and temporal variations within the habitat and to explore potential relationships between air quality, physiological measures, and behavioral responses.

3.Title: Microbial Burden and Contamination Risk on High-Contact Surfaces in the MDRS Habitat
Author(s): Isabella Levine
Current status: So far, I have prepared agar plates and streaked bacterial samples collected from high-contact surfaces within the habitat. Bacterial growth has been monitored over an initial 48-hour period and will continue to be observed for the remainder of the mission to track changes in microbial presence over time.
Future work: Over the next phase of the mission, I will continue monitoring of bacterial growth and document any changes in colony density and morphology. This dataset will be combined with that from the Contamination projects and used to assess how environmental and biological factors interact within an isolated habitat environment.

4. Title: Feasibility of Cable based Infrastructure creation in Martian Conditions
Author(s): Morgan McCoy
Current status: Project has been set up and needs more trials in the field for further testing. Two trenches have been dug and timed in different locations and under different fatigue levels. Pre-fabricated cable has been implemented by two different people and timed. In-situ cable creation has been trialed and timed, with some difficulties.
Future work: Next week holds more trials of in-situ cable creation with more members of the team being timed.

5.Title: Non-Contact Thermal Imaging for Structural Health of Martian Habitats
Author(s): Saranya Ravva
Current status: In two separate EVAs, thermal imaging was conducted on the Habitat, Science Dome, and GreenHab units to evaluate their structural and insulation performance using a non-contact nondestructive evaluation approach. Construction material details for each unit were obtained in advance to inform appropriate emissivity selection, and environmental conditions were recorded to calibrate the thermal camera settings. Thermal data were collected during recent EVAs, capturing exterior wall surfaces where possible.
Future work: Ongoing work focuses on detailed image analysis taken both outside and inside of different units and hoping to acquire additional datasets under cloudy conditions to reduce solar loading effects.

6. Title: Simulated Microgravity Germination: A Proof-of-Concept for Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSS)
Author(s): Saranya Ravva
Current status: Seed germination experiments were initiated using agar-based media for the Random Positioning Machine (RPM), with adaptations made to the experimental setup after identifying mechanical interference between large Petri dishes and the RPM motor. Smaller Petri dishes were successfully implemented, and experiments are established in the Science Dome, with control samples maintained in the GreenHab for temperature comparison. Additional samples were placed in vertical and horizontal orientations to investigate growth directionality under simulated microgravity. The system is being monitored regularly, and I also fixed the rig anytime I saw the 3d printed parts being stuck or getting slightly eroded.
Future work: Future work includes transferring germinated seeds to the GreenHab and quantifying growth differences relative to controls along with working to fix the RPM motion for any more controlled samples.

7. Title: Aerospace Evaluation of Training, Health, and Environmental Readiness
Author(s): Adrianna Waterford
Current status: I have begun longitudinal tracking of 20 physiological and behavioral biomarkers to assess stress and fatigue in an isolated, controlled, extreme environment. These data are being extracted from a Garmin wearable device.
Future work: The remainder of my time in the habitat will be dedicated to completing a machine learning pipeline that analyzes these biometric data and generates actionable recommendations for analog astronauts.

8.Title: Autonomous Hydroponic Resource Optimization System
Author(s): Adrianna Waterford
Current status: I have established and initiated a hydroponic garden within the habitat and am actively monitoring system resource usage, including power consumption (voltage) and water utilization.
Future work: Continuing monitoring the system to identify potential improvements.

9.Title: Remote sensing for ISRU
Author(s): Cesare Guariniello
Current status: I collected clay samples at Compass Rock and Somerville Outlook, and basalt samples on the way to Barainca Butte. These samples will be shipped back for further analysis.
Future work: I plan to collect samples in two or three other regions of MDRS.

10.Title: Photo astronomy with the MDRS WF and Solar Observatory outreach
Author(s): Cesare Guariniello
Current status: After supporting the robotic observatory repairs, led by mission support and the MDRS chief astronomer, I submitted the first three observations, with very good results on Horsehead Nebula and Flaming Nebula
Future work: I plan to begin using the Solar Observatory, if the sky clears up.

[category  astronomy-report]

Report title: Astronomy Report
Crew #: 319
Position: Crew Engineer
Report prepared by: Ricardo Javier Gonzalez
Date: 16-10-2025
Sol: 4

MDRS ROBOTIC OBSERVATORY

Robotic Telescope Requested (choose one MDRS-14 or MDRS-WF): N/A
Objects to be Imaged this Evening: N/A
Images submitted with this report: N/A
Problems Encountered: N/A

MUSK OBSERVATORY

Solar Features Observed: Crew Engineer observed several sunspots on both the northern and southern hemispheres.
Images submitted with this report: Yes (see images below)
Problems Encountered: Crew Engineer encountered no issues during observatory operations, but had some difficulties tuning the image of the solar prominences on the edge of the Sun. A re-attempt will be made either tomorrow or the following day to adjust settings and produce a higher quality image!

Mission Support is signing off. Best wishes for your New Year celebrations!

Report status for Sol 3:

• Sol Summary: Received
• Operations Report: Received
• Greenhab Report: Received
• Journalist Report: Received
• Astronomy Report (if applicable): NA
• EVA Report (if applicable): Received
• EVA Request(s) (if applicable): Received
• Daily photos: Received

Brett Bennett
Onsite Operations Manager
Mars Desert Research Station

Brett Bennett
Onsite Operations Manager
Mars Desert Research Station

[title End-Mission Research Report – May 2nd]
[category science-report]

End-of-Mission Research Report – Crew 315

Summary of Crew Research Projects:

Title: Methodology Extending Mobility Range on Mars

Principal Investigator: David Laude
Description: Mobility on Mars is key to any mission for maximizing scientific gains. Main mobility for humans is motorized rovers with limited range. Mobility can be extended for examination of more remote objects. Objects of interest can be observed from rover accessible vantage points. Two observations can be used to triangulate object position (no GPS on Mars). Position can be found or placed on map to determine travel range. If range is beyond rover range, but within rover + foot + drone range then range can be extended by foot and then deploying an FPV drone/helicopter. Drone can collect close up HD photos.
Objective: An EVA team will set out on EVA with a small drone equipped with HD camera and FPV capability. EVA team will follow a planned course from maps. When rover is at maximum range (real or simulated), EVA crew will set out on foot with drone. Once EVA crew is close enough to the object, the drone pilot will launch it. Drone pilot will fly drone in full sim suit while drone spotter(s) stand nearby. Drone will acquire the needed object images from close up Image data will be retrieved from drone in Hab for analysis to determine if mission was a success. Project methods will be reviewed for success or needed improvements
Research Summary: The project has completed with a close encounter with the Monolith objective by drone after having triangulated its position from two vantage points and placing object on map. From that we plotted a course by rover as close as we could get followed by a short hike up a hill where the drone was launched. This shows the usefulness of the methodology for examination of remote objects further than one would ordinarily expect.

Title: Evaluating Drone Piloting During EVA on Mars
Principal Investigator: David Laude
Description: With the success of Ingenuity paving the way, piloted drones will undoubtedly be used by humans on Mars. The purpose of this project is to study drone piloting with EVA suit and to evaluate any operational impediments. Co-investigators will evaluate drone flight control performance on standardized flight patterns, making use of URC fields and possibly other locations. Co-Investigators will rate each flight through several metrics. No EVA suit flights will take place prior to and/or just after sim.
Objectives: Metrics like accuracy (measured distance to center of target) and speed (time) of flying drone to marked targets of varying ranges will be evaluated via comparative analysis. Comments on difficulties experienced will also be documented.
Research Summary: This project is completed. It has shown what one would expect for piloting a drone in EVA suit. Poorer visibility in EVA can cause temporary loss of drone sighting by both naked eye and FPV display. Displays need to be brighter. In addition, the wearing of gloves impedes fine drone control.

Title: Illustrating a Mars Analog Mission as an artist.
Principal Investigator: Timothy Gagnon
Description:In March 1962, NASA Administrator James Webb addressed a two-paragraph memorandum to NASA Public Affairs Director Hiden T. Cox about the possibility of bringing in artists to highlight the agency’s achievements in a new way. In it, he wrote, “We should consider in a deliberate way just what NASA should do in the field of fine arts to commemorate the … historic events” of America’s initial steps into space.
Shortly thereafter, NASA employee and artist James Dean was tasked with implementing NASA’s brand-new art program. Working alongside National Art Gallery Curator of Painting H. Lester Cooke, he created a framework to give artists unparalleled access to NASA missions at every step along the way, such as suit-up, launch and landing activities, and meetings with scientists and astronauts. Over the years, NASA artwork has helped spark national pride and accomplishment. Technology, whether from the 1960s or today, documented these missions extensively, but artists are able to pull in emotion and imagination unlike data-collecting machinery. The relationship between science and art continues to inspire the public and inform us of current missions. When I was invited to participate in a MDRS analog mission as an artist, I immediately thought of contributing the same way as the artists involved in the NASA Art Program of the 1960’s and 1970’s.
Objectives: To document my experience and that of my crew mates by creating digital and fine art of our increment. I have already designed our mission patch, our crew portraits and a "Space Flight Awareness" themed crew poster. I intend to bring my iPhone camera, possibly my iPad as well as a sketch pad along with pens and colored pencils to sketch while there and then turning those into finished art post mission.
Research Summary: Due to the limited field of view offered by the suit helmet and the limited dexterity of the gloves, sketching during an EVA proved impossible. However, I was able to take and request certain photos inspired by the Apollo lunar missions and paintings by artists I admire to create tributes to those missions and those artists. This was accomplished during four EVAs of mine and multiple EVAs by my crew mates. Together we have assembled a portfolio of photographs that will be the basis of a series of art pieces based on the theme, “What it looked like vs What it felt like.” Analog vs Artemis missions to Mars. I will donate those pieces to The Mars Society to hopefully use in their fund raising efforts.

Title: Essay for Harper’s Magazine

Principal investigator: Elena Saavedra Buckley

Description: The primary reason for my visit to the MDRS is to write an immersive, in-depth reported essay for Harper’s Magazine, to run as a feature at some point later in the year. This piece is assigned at Harper’s, where I am an editor, and has been approved by the MDRS via Michael Stoltz, the media and PR liaison.

Objectives: The aim of the article is not only to capture the experience of our mission, but to zoom out and consider the purpose of Martian simulations, of eventual Mars missions, and the place these phenomena have in the American imagination today.

Research Summary: My reporting went well, and I was able to talk individually with my crewmates and with everyone as a group multiple times. I’m excited to bring all my reporting to Earth, continue my research, and put it all together in 1g.

Title: Examining oyster mushroom growth in a Martian greenhouse environment

Principle investigator: Elena Saavedra Buckley

Description: Mushrooms are an easy to grow, nutritious source of food that can be transported in remarkably compact ways. (Beyond culinary uses, fungi structures are strong and lightweight, and NASA has studied the feasibility of using them for Martian architecture, or “mycotecture.”)

Objectives: Use a pre-made grow kit to grow oyster mushrooms in the Greenhab to gain information on possible hiccups and problems with mushroom growing in a sealed, arid environment; and, ideally, eat them.

Research Summary: Sadly my mushroom kit has seemingly failed. I sprayed it regularly and installed a humidity tent, and I followed all kit directions, but the “pins” never formed. Technically they could form in the next few days, but it’s more likely that the conditions were too hot or dry for blue oysters. Green mold did start forming on the exposed spores, so I imagine that indicates some kind of decay.

Title: Measuring soil desiccation patterns near the MDRS

Principle investigator: Elena Saavedra Buckley

Description: Desiccation cracks in soil form as moisture evaporates, leaving behind polygonal patterns that have been observed in terrestrial desert environments. On Mars, these features provide insight into past hydrological conditions, soil composition, and potential habitability. By studying desiccation patterns in the Mars-like environment of the MDRS, I will better understand how similar features on Mars might have formed, and learn more about how soil evaporation occurs.

Objectives: Measure various soil desiccation pattern areas and, in the science dome, do a simple experiment on soil samples to see how long cracks take to form.

Research Summary: I collected five diverse soil samples from around the MDRS—ranging from gravel to clay—and measured variables regarding their desiccation powers in the field. In the Science Dome, I mixed consistent amounts of soil and water and packed them into petri dishes, where I placed them in the GreenHab (in order to get accurate temperature and humidity readings); the majority desiccated over the course of two days, with two samples not yet desiccating, suggesting that their desiccation patterns in the field required either drier conditions or more surface tension. I will write up the comparisons between the spread of measurements in the field and in the patterns in the lab and further analyze how the soils’ conditions related to their desiccation speeds.

Title: EVA Connectivity Kit
Principal Investigator: Michael Andrews
Description: By combining commercial off-the-shelf products, I developed a portable kit that can be taken on EVAs to provide internet connectivity to crew members. This has various benefits: sending data back to the station, enhanced communications, and en-situ research while on EVA. Objectives: Over the course of 3 EVAs, confirm efficacy of kit and measure its performance parameters: battery life, upload speed, download speed, weight.
Research Summary: I have been able to demonstrate that a Starlink mini and 20,000mAh battery pack can be easily carried and deployed on an analog EVA. Over the course of 5 tests and 3 EVAs, an average expected life of 171 minutes, download speed of 140 Mbps, and upload speed of 14.5 Mbps was observed. I was able to regularly bring this kit on future EVAs to support the crew and my 3D scanning project’s objectives.

Title: 3D Mapping of Samples
Principal Investigator: Michael Andrews
Description: To prevent physical extraction of geological samples on EVAs, I demonstrated 3D mapping technology as a way to create "digital twins" of specimens. This will also include engineering hardware on station.
Objectives: Determine how quickly samples can be recorded in station and on EVA, including sending them to the station via the Connectivity Kit above.
Research Summary: Over the course of six EVAs, I was able to collect samples to return and scan in the Science Dome and scan samples en-situ using my equipment. I scanned a total of 14 samples, 3 of which were en-situ (see Figure 1). The samples were a variety of colors and textures, and ranging in weights up to 610g and lengths of 6.25”. The activity would first take me up to 2 hours per sample, but I have determined a technique (one geometry scan and two texture scans) to construct the EVA shroud in 9 minutes and perform all scanning operations in 35 minutes. The output file (.obj file type) can quickly be shared to a Google Drive via Starlink and be viewed by other crew members in the station while the EVA is ongoing.

Title: 100cameras Method: Photography as a Tool to Mitigate Psychological Stress in Space

Principal Investigator: Urban Koi, HSO

Project Description: Space exploration presents unique psychological challenges for astronauts, particularly during long-duration missions where isolation, confinement, and distance from Earth can lead to significant emotional and mental stress. As humanity advances toward becoming a multi-planetary species, addressing these psychological effects is crucial for the success of future missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. Developed over 15 years of research and practice, the 100cameras Method leverages photography as a dynamic tool for self-expression, fostering emotional intelligence, resilience, and community-building skills. The 100cameras Method has been recognized by the United Nations University Centre for Policy Research (UNU-CPR), UNIDIR, and UNICEF for its positive impact on empowerment globally. By integrating the 100cameras Method into the daily lives of analog astronauts, we aim to provide future astronauts with a structured yet flexible approach to document their experiences, process emotions, and strengthen connections with their environment and peers, combating the psychological effects of space travel.

Objectives: (1) To evaluate the effectiveness of the 100cameras Method in enhancing emotional intelligence and resilience among analog astronauts. (2) To assess the impact of photography-based self-expression on the well-being of individuals in isolated or extreme environments, such as analog and space missions. (3) To analyze the potential of the 100cameras Method as a scalable intervention for various populations facing psychological challenges. (4) To integrate the 100cameras Method into future astronaut psychological wellness toolkits.

Project Completion: Crew Phoenix (MDRS-315) has successfully completed 8 of 8 modules. All MDRS-315 Analog Astronauts are now 100cameras Graduates and have the 100cameras Method in their Psychological Wellness Toolkit for future missions in Isolated, Confined, and Extreme Environments. Congratulations to Crew Phoenix!

(1) Introduction: 100cameras Overview + Pre-Course Survey.

(2) Composition & Storytelling: Composition Techniques—Telling A Story, Leading Lines & Vanishing Point, Repetition & Patterns, Symmetry, Point Of View, Rule Of Thirds. Each crew member captured 10+ images pertaining to the module exercise.

(3) Camera Tool-Belt: This module focused on teaching analog astronauts how to capture the moment and the story as they see it best. Through learning the camera equipment and its functions, analog astronauts learn techniques such as exposure, aperture, and flash. Each crew member captured 10+ images pertaining to the module exercise.

(4) Range of Feelings: The activities showed that stories can be told in a more compelling and engaging way when practicing the different composition techniques and when utilizing the tool-belt techniques to adjust the camera to work best within the environment at hand. This module focused on how different feelings and emotions can be expressed through photography, enabling a fuller narrative to be communicated and experienced through images. Each crew member captured 10+ images pertaining to the module exercise.

(5) Something of Me: This module focused on exploring how a portion of a person’s individual stories, such as their interests, experiences, circumstances, and ideas can impact how someone sees themselves. It’s a guide to explore some of the pieces that make each person who they are as individuals and relate to how stories are shaped by these elements. Looking inward and spending time with oneself can influence how a person sees their own story and perspective—and how they tell it and share it. Each crew member captured 10+ images pertaining to the module exercise. Each crew member captured 10+ images pertaining to the module exercise.

(6) Map My Story: Through the "Map My Story" exercise, crew members considered the past, present, and where the future might take them by illustrating a life map. They reflected on who they are today because of their past experiences and how these experiences have helped to shape them. Crew members were encouraged to envision and dream about their future and who they want to become.

(7) Portraiture: This module focused on how all of the tools that have been learned thus far can contribute to creating photos that reflect the journey as well as the inner self through portraits and self-portraits. Crew members participated in activities that help explore different ways to portray themselves and others through photography, both in direct and abstract, creative ways. Each crew member captured 10+ images pertaining to the module exercise.

(8) Your Role in the World: This module focused on how to tie together multiple photographs to tell one cohesive story. Crew members created a “portfolio” or group of images which relate to one another, rather than one single image by itself. Crew members engaged in activities that help practice creating a “Central Theme” portfolio.

(9) Graduation: EachMDRS-315 crew member graduated and received a 100cameras Certificate of Completion.

On Fri, May 2, 2025 at 9:21 PM David Steinhour <dsteinhour> wrote:

[title End-Mission Research Report – May 2nd]
[category science-report]

End-of-Mission Research Report – Crew 315

Summary of Crew Research Projects:

Title: Methodology Extending Mobility Range on Mars

Principal Investigator: David Laude
Description: Mobility on Mars is key to any mission for maximizing scientific gains. Main mobility for humans is motorized rovers with limited range. Mobility can be extended for examination of more remote objects. Objects of interest can be observed from rover accessible vantage points. Two observations can be used to triangulate object position (no GPS on Mars). Position can be found or placed on map to determine travel range. If range is beyond rover range, but within rover + foot + drone range then range can be extended by foot and then deploying an FPV drone/helicopter. Drone can collect close up HD photos.
Objective: An EVA team will set out on EVA with a small drone equipped with HD camera and FPV capability. EVA team will follow a planned course from maps. When rover is at maximum range (real or simulated), EVA crew will set out on foot with drone. Once EVA crew is close enough to the object, the drone pilot will launch it. Drone pilot will fly drone in full sim suit while drone spotter(s) stand nearby. Drone will acquire the needed object images from close up Image data will be retrieved from drone in Hab for analysis to determine if mission was a success. Project methods will be reviewed for success or needed improvements
Research Summary: The project has completed with a close encounter with the Monolith objective by drone after having triangulated its position from two vantage points and placing object on map. From that we plotted a course by rover as close as we could get followed by a short hike up a hill where the drone was launched. This shows the usefulness of the methodology for examination of remote objects further than one would ordinarily expect.

Title: Evaluating Drone Piloting During EVA on Mars
Principal Investigator: David Laude
Description: With the success of Ingenuity paving the way, piloted drones will undoubtedly be used by humans on Mars. The purpose of this project is to study drone piloting with EVA suit and to evaluate any operational impediments. Co-investigators will evaluate drone flight control performance on standardized flight patterns, making use of URC fields and possibly other locations. Co-Investigators will rate each flight through several metrics. No EVA suit flights will take place prior to and/or just after sim.
Objectives: Metrics like accuracy (measured distance to center of target) and speed (time) of flying drone to marked targets of varying ranges will be evaluated via comparative analysis. Comments on difficulties experienced will also be documented.
Research Summary: This project is completed. It has shown what one would expect for piloting a drone in EVA suit. Poorer visibility in EVA can cause temporary loss of drone sighting by both naked eye and FPV display. Displays need to be brighter. In addition, the wearing of gloves impedes fine drone control.

Title: Illustrating a Mars Analog Mission as an artist.
Principal Investigator: Timothy Gagnon
Description:In March 1962, NASA Administrator James Webb addressed a two-paragraph memorandum to NASA Public Affairs Director Hiden T. Cox about the possibility of bringing in artists to highlight the agency’s achievements in a new way. In it, he wrote, “We should consider in a deliberate way just what NASA should do in the field of fine arts to commemorate the … historic events” of America’s initial steps into space.
Shortly thereafter, NASA employee and artist James Dean was tasked with implementing NASA’s brand-new art program. Working alongside National Art Gallery Curator of Painting H. Lester Cooke, he created a framework to give artists unparalleled access to NASA missions at every step along the way, such as suit-up, launch and landing activities, and meetings with scientists and astronauts. Over the years, NASA artwork has helped spark national pride and accomplishment. Technology, whether from the 1960s or today, documented these missions extensively, but artists are able to pull in emotion and imagination unlike data-collecting machinery. The relationship between science and art continues to inspire the public and inform us of current missions. When I was invited to participate in a MDRS analog mission as an artist, I immediately thought of contributing the same way as the artists involved in the NASA Art Program of the 1960’s and 1970’s.
Objectives: To document my experience and that of my crew mates by creating digital and fine art of our increment. I have already designed our mission patch, our crew portraits and a "Space Flight Awareness" themed crew poster. I intend to bring my iPhone camera, possibly my iPad as well as a sketch pad along with pens and colored pencils to sketch while there and then turning those into finished art post mission.
Research Summary: Due to the limited field of view offered by the suit helmet and the limited dexterity of the gloves, sketching during an EVA proved impossible. However, I was able to take and request certain photos inspired by the Apollo lunar missions and paintings by artists I admire to create tributes to those missions and those artists. This was accomplished during four EVAs of mine and multiple EVAs by my crew mates. Together we have assembled a portfolio of photographs that will be the basis of a series of art pieces based on the theme, “What it looked like vs What it felt like.” Analog vs Artemis missions to Mars. I will donate those pieces to The Mars Society to hopefully use in their fund raising efforts.

Title: Essay for Harper’s Magazine

Principal investigator: Elena Saavedra Buckley

Description: The primary reason for my visit to the MDRS is to write an immersive, in-depth reported essay for Harper’s Magazine, to run as a feature at some point later in the year. This piece is assigned at Harper’s, where I am an editor, and has been approved by the MDRS via Michael Stoltz, the media and PR liaison.

Objectives: The aim of the article is not only to capture the experience of our mission, but to zoom out and consider the purpose of Martian simulations, of eventual Mars missions, and the place these phenomena have in the American imagination today.

Research Summary: My reporting went well, and I was able to talk individually with my crewmates and with everyone as a group multiple times. I’m excited to bring all my reporting to Earth, continue my research, and put it all together in 1g.

Title: Examining oyster mushroom growth in a Martian greenhouse environment

Principle investigator: Elena Saavedra Buckley

Description: Mushrooms are an easy to grow, nutritious source of food that can be transported in remarkably compact ways. (Beyond culinary uses, fungi structures are strong and lightweight, and NASA has studied the feasibility of using them for Martian architecture, or “mycotecture.”)

Objectives: Use a pre-made grow kit to grow oyster mushrooms in the Greenhab to gain information on possible hiccups and problems with mushroom growing in a sealed, arid environment; and, ideally, eat them.

Research Summary: Sadly my mushroom kit has seemingly failed. I sprayed it regularly and installed a humidity tent, and I followed all kit directions, but the “pins” never formed. Technically they could form in the next few days, but it’s more likely that the conditions were too hot or dry for blue oysters. Green mold did start forming on the exposed spores, so I imagine that indicates some kind of decay.

Title: Measuring soil desiccation patterns near the MDRS

Principle investigator: Elena Saavedra Buckley

Description: Desiccation cracks in soil form as moisture evaporates, leaving behind polygonal patterns that have been observed in terrestrial desert environments. On Mars, these features provide insight into past hydrological conditions, soil composition, and potential habitability. By studying desiccation patterns in the Mars-like environment of the MDRS, I will better understand how similar features on Mars might have formed, and learn more about how soil evaporation occurs.

Objectives: Measure various soil desiccation pattern areas and, in the science dome, do a simple experiment on soil samples to see how long cracks take to form.

Research Summary: I collected five diverse soil samples from around the MDRS—ranging from gravel to clay—and measured variables regarding their desiccation powers in the field. In the Science Dome, I mixed consistent amounts of soil and water and packed them into petri dishes, where I placed them in the GreenHab (in order to get accurate temperature and humidity readings); the majority desiccated over the course of two days, with two samples not yet desiccating, suggesting that their desiccation patterns in the field required either drier conditions or more surface tension. I will write up the comparisons between the spread of measurements in the field and in the patterns in the lab and further analyze how the soils’ conditions related to their desiccation speeds.

Title: EVA Connectivity Kit
Principal Investigator: Michael Andrews
Description: By combining commercial off-the-shelf products, I developed a portable kit that can be taken on EVAs to provide internet connectivity to crew members. This has various benefits: sending data back to the station, enhanced communications, and en-situ research while on EVA. Objectives: Over the course of 3 EVAs, confirm efficacy of kit and measure its performance parameters: battery life, upload speed, download speed, weight.
Research Summary: I have been able to demonstrate that a Starlink mini and 20,000mAh battery pack can be easily carried and deployed on an analog EVA. Over the course of 5 tests and 3 EVAs, an average expected life of 171 minutes, download speed of 140 Mbps, and upload speed of 14.5 Mbps was observed. I was able to regularly bring this kit on future EVAs to support the crew and my 3D scanning project’s objectives.

Title: 3D Mapping of Samples
Principal Investigator: Michael Andrews
Description: To prevent physical extraction of geological samples on EVAs, I demonstrated 3D mapping technology as a way to create "digital twins" of specimens. This will also include engineering hardware on station.
Objectives: Determine how quickly samples can be recorded in station and on EVA, including sending them to the station via the Connectivity Kit above.
Research Summary: Over the course of six EVAs, I was able to collect samples to return and scan in the Science Dome and scan samples en-situ using my equipment. I scanned a total of 14 samples, 3 of which were en-situ (see Figure 1). The samples were a variety of colors and textures, and ranging in weights up to 610g and lengths of 6.25”. The activity would first take me up to 2 hours per sample, but I have determined a technique (one geometry scan and two texture scans) to construct the EVA shroud in 9 minutes and perform all scanning operations in 35 minutes. The output file (.obj file type) can quickly be shared to a Google Drive via Starlink and be viewed by other crew members in the station while the EVA is ongoing.

Title: 100cameras Method: Photography as a Tool to Mitigate Psychological Stress in Space

Principal Investigator: Urban Koi, HSO

Project Description: Space exploration presents unique psychological challenges for astronauts, particularly during long-duration missions where isolation, confinement, and distance from Earth can lead to significant emotional and mental stress. As humanity advances toward becoming a multi-planetary species, addressing these psychological effects is crucial for the success of future missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. Developed over 15 years of research and practice, the 100cameras Method leverages photography as a dynamic tool for self-expression, fostering emotional intelligence, resilience, and community-building skills. The 100cameras Method has been recognized by the United Nations University Centre for Policy Research (UNU-CPR), UNIDIR, and UNICEF for its positive impact on empowerment globally. By integrating the 100cameras Method into the daily lives of analog astronauts, we aim to provide future astronauts with a structured yet flexible approach to document their experiences, process emotions, and strengthen connections with their environment and peers, combating the psychological effects of space travel.

Objectives: (1) To evaluate the effectiveness of the 100cameras Method in enhancing emotional intelligence and resilience among analog astronauts. (2) To assess the impact of photography-based self-expression on the well-being of individuals in isolated or extreme environments, such as analog and space missions. (3) To analyze the potential of the 100cameras Method as a scalable intervention for various populations facing psychological challenges. (4) To integrate the 100cameras Method into future astronaut psychological wellness toolkits.

Project Completion: Crew Phoenix (MDRS-315) has successfully completed 8 of 8 modules. All MDRS-315 Analog Astronauts are now 100cameras Graduates and have the 100cameras Method in their Psychological Wellness Toolkit for future missions in Isolated, Confined, and Extreme Environments. Congratulations to Crew Phoenix!

(1) Introduction: 100cameras Overview + Pre-Course Survey.

(2) Composition & Storytelling: Composition Techniques—Telling A Story, Leading Lines & Vanishing Point, Repetition & Patterns, Symmetry, Point Of View, Rule Of Thirds. Each crew member captured 10+ images pertaining to the module exercise.

(3) Camera Tool-Belt: This module focused on teaching analog astronauts how to capture the moment and the story as they see it best. Through learning the camera equipment and its functions, analog astronauts learn techniques such as exposure, aperture, and flash. Each crew member captured 10+ images pertaining to the module exercise.

(4) Range of Feelings: The activities showed that stories can be told in a more compelling and engaging way when practicing the different composition techniques and when utilizing the tool-belt techniques to adjust the camera to work best within the environment at hand. This module focused on how different feelings and emotions can be expressed through photography, enabling a fuller narrative to be communicated and experienced through images. Each crew member captured 10+ images pertaining to the module exercise.

(5) Something of Me: This module focused on exploring how a portion of a person’s individual stories, such as their interests, experiences, circumstances, and ideas can impact how someone sees themselves. It’s a guide to explore some of the pieces that make each person who they are as individuals and relate to how stories are shaped by these elements. Looking inward and spending time with oneself can influence how a person sees their own story and perspective—and how they tell it and share it. Each crew member captured 10+ images pertaining to the module exercise. Each crew member captured 10+ images pertaining to the module exercise.

(6) Map My Story: Through the "Map My Story" exercise, crew members considered the past, present, and where the future might take them by illustrating a life map. They reflected on who they are today because of their past experiences and how these experiences have helped to shape them. Crew members were encouraged to envision and dream about their future and who they want to become.

(7) Portraiture: This module focused on how all of the tools that have been learned thus far can contribute to creating photos that reflect the journey as well as the inner self through portraits and self-portraits. Crew members participated in activities that help explore different ways to portray themselves and others through photography, both in direct and abstract, creative ways. Each crew member captured 10+ images pertaining to the module exercise.

(8) Your Role in the World: This module focused on how to tie together multiple photographs to tell one cohesive story. Crew members created a “portfolio” or group of images which relate to one another, rather than one single image by itself. Crew members engaged in activities that help practice creating a “Central Theme” portfolio.

(9) Graduation: EachMDRS-315 crew member graduated and received a 100cameras Certificate of Completion.